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991.
欧洲水培叶菜机械规模化生产系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对水培叶菜规模化生产,介绍了欧洲水培叶菜自动化生产装备系统与技术。首先,说明水培技术高效循环生产、避免土壤环境污染的优势,论述了水培叶菜的主要作业流程。基于水培叶菜作业流程,通过实物图片介绍了欧洲水培叶菜生产中基质处理、精量播种、种苗移植、叶菜收获和生产资材自动输送等环节装备和技术。对比国内水培蔬菜的生产模式与具体国情,提出了研学欧洲先进的生产作业装备技术和物流化生产作业思想理念,结合我国水培蔬菜生产模式,优化完善叶菜丸粒化精量播种技术,开发研制叶菜种苗移植设备,针对不同水培叶菜生产企业及生产方式,量身定制开发设计物流化生产输送系统,达到提高生产效率、降低劳动强度、减少生产劳动力的目的,有效提高我国水培蔬菜生产的竞争力。 相似文献
992.
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994.
追施不同形态氮肥对不同钾效率基因型棉花生长及产量品质的影响 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
【目的】探讨高、低供钾水平下,追施氮肥形态对棉花生长、钾素吸收利用以及产量、品质的影响。【方法】选择钾高效棉花品种辽棉18、冀棉958和钾低效棉花品种新棉99B为材料,进行营养钵培养试验,设置38.01mg·kg~(-1)和152.24 mg·kg~(-1)两个供钾水平,追施铵态氮肥(硫酸铵)和硝态氮肥(硝酸钙)两种形态氮素肥料。【结果】供钾不足会降低棉花果枝始节和单株成铃数,高钾处理棉花干物质积累量、钾累积量、钾利用指数以及产量显著高于低钾处理;与追施硝态氮肥相比,追施铵态氮肥会降低棉株高度、果枝数和单株成铃数,减少籽棉产量和总干物质积累量;追施铵态氮肥处理棉花对钾素的吸收和利用显著低于追施硝态氮肥处理。【结论】钾低效基因型品种棉花在钾素供应不足时对追施铵态氮肥更敏感,且棉花成熟越晚受到追施肥料氮素形态影响越大。 相似文献
995.
Agronomic traits of soybean cultivars released in different decades after grafting record‐yield cultivar as rootstock 下载免费PDF全文
Shengyou Li Fei Teng Demin Rao Xingdong Yao Huijun Zhang Haiying Wang Shuhong Song Steven K. St. Martin Futi Xie 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):133-138
Breeders have seldom considered the selection for root traits during the genetic improvement in soybean. It is hypothesized that grain yield would be increased by the root function improvement, especially for the current cultivars. The objective of this grafting experiment was to determine the effect of record‐yield cultivars L14 or Z35 as rootstocks on agronomic traits of cultivars released in different decades. A total of 11 cultivars, released in different decades, were used to graft onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks. The agronomic traits were measured in the pot‐culture experiments. Grafting cultivars released in different decades onto L14 or Z35 rootstocks resulted in higher yield, 100‐seed mass and apparent harvest index as compared with those of non‐grafted or self‐grafted plants. Grain yield gain of cultivars grafted onto record‐yield cultivar rootstocks was 0.40 g/plant/year from 1966 to 2006, which was larger than that of non‐grafts and self‐grafts (0.27 g/plant/year). The yield of current cultivars should increase more if their root functions were improved. 相似文献
996.
Zhang Yu Wen Liuying Yang Aiguo Luo Chenggang Cheng Lirui Jiang Caihong Chang Aixia Li Wei Zhang Jing Xiao Zhixin Wang Yuanying 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):259
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) caused serious loss in yield and quality of tobacco every year. It is a long-term goal to improve the tobacco resistance against TMV by tobacco breeding. N gene was the firstly reported TMV-resistant gene, which showed resistance against all Tobamoviruses except the Ob stain and belonged to the toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat class of plant resistance (R) genes. At present, N gene had already been widely used in tobacco conventional breeding, but there is rare available molecular maker used in marker-assisted selection of TMV resistance. In this study, we designed a pair of primers that specific amplify N gene fragment based on the sequence of N gene intron III, named N-marker. Then, we identified TMV resistance by two selecting methods, PCR with N-marker and inoculated with the TMV-C strain. Results from the two method showed that (1) 13 varieties among 67 tobacco varieties displayed hypersensitive reaction when inoculated with the TMV-C strain, also contained N gene fragments screened by PCR with N-marker; (2) 105 strains of 200 BC1 strains showed resistance against TMV when inoculated with TMV-C strain, meanwhile, 103 of the 105 strains contained N gene fragment verified by PCR with N-marker. Therefore, the N-marker is reliable for high throughput screening of germplasm resources and tobacco breeding materials in selection of N-mediated TMV resistance. Our study not only developed a molecular marker for tobacco breeding, but also identified new germplasm resources that are resistant to TMV. 相似文献
997.
Mapping and validation of the quantitative trait loci for leaf stay‐green‐associated parameters in maize 下载免费PDF全文
Zhen Yang Xin Li Ning Zhang Xiaolei Wang Yuna Zhang Yulong Ding Benke Kuai Xueqing Huang 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):188-196
Functional stay‐green is generally regarded as a desirable trait of varieties in major crops including maize. In this study, we used an F3:4 recombinant inbred line population with 165 lines from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Zheng58) and a model inbred line (B73) using 211 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to map quantitative trait loci for three stay‐green‐associated parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and stay‐green area, at maturity stage, detected a total of 23 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine chromosomes. Single QTL explained 3.7–13.5% of the phenotypic variance. Additionally, we validated some important stay‐green QTL using a heterogeneous inbred family approach and found that the stay‐green‐associated parameters were significantly correlated with the plant yield. This study may contribute to a better insight into the regulatory mechanism behind leaf stay‐green in maize and a novel development of elite maize varieties with delayed leaf senescence through molecular marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
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999.
Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance 下载免费PDF全文
Zhangxiong Liu Huihui Li Xuhong Fan Wen Huang Jiyu Yang Yuhong Zheng Zixiang Wen Yinghui Li Dechun Wang Shuming Wang Lijuan Qiu 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):526-538
Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and Di (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS. 相似文献
1000.
为给茭白与鸭共作系统中适宜放养鸭密度提供参考依据,本研究通过大田试验,比较了茭白单作、茭白田放鸭300、375、450只/hm~2条件下茭白的生物学性状、产量和品质。结果表明:茭鸭共作能显著提高茭白后期叶片数、干物重及产量,并延缓茭白后期叶片衰败。放鸭密度从375只/hm~2增加至450只/hm~2时,茭白后期叶片衰败加快,且茭白产量不再增加。茭鸭共作显著提高茭白蛋白质、维生素C和氨基酸含量。茭鸭共作系统灌溉养殖池塘富营养化水4500 m~3/hm~2时,输入的N、P、K相当于99.75 kg尿素、38.25 kg过磷酸钙和83.55 kg氯化钾的养分含量。本试验条件下,茭白常规种植密度27795株/hm~2,田间适宜放鸭密度为375只/hm~2,可显著提高茭白产量及品质。 相似文献